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Document 17795

ALABAMA: 1963 Civil Rights
The Police Chief who ordered fire hoses and dogs against Civil Rights demonstrators.
Comprises: (1) Photograph signed: "Eugene 'Bull' Connor". B/w, 2½x3½. Also signed on verso: "Eugene 'Bull' Connor". Mounting remnants on verso from its former attachment to accompanying mounted magazine article calling Connor "an international symbol of segregation". Light show through of glue at image, show through from writing at right background. Overall, fine condition. (2) Envelope Panel signed: "Eugene Bull Connor/1116-So53 St/B'ham Ala" in upper left, addressed by him to: "Frank Milton Clements/337 North Ave/Wakefield 01880/Mass.", 6¼x3½. Postmarked Birmingham, Alabama, January 11, 1965. Mounted on black paper. Lightly soiled, else fine. Eugene "Bull" Connor, Birmingham's Commissioner of Public Safety, became known for his methods of enforcing his strict segregationist policies. The first Civil Rights demonstrations led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. began in Birmingham in the spring of 1963. During these protests, Connor ordered fire hoses, dogs and his police force against the protesters, many of whom were women and children. On the night of May 2, 1963, the vivid images of Connor's violence were broadcast on television screens around the world. At the 16th Street Baptist Church, Dr. King vowed: "The eyes of the world are on Birmingham. We're going on in spite of dogs and fire hoses. We've gone too far to turn back." Two items.

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