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Document 16503

ANDREW JOHNSON
Concerning the 1867 Treaty with Nicaragua that included the proposed construction of a canal across the isthmus.
Partly Printed Presidential Warrant signed: "Andrew Johnson" as 17th U.S. President, 1p, 8x10. Washington, 1868 March 12. In full: "I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of State [William H. Seward] to affix the Seal of the United States to my Full Power to Andrew B. Dickinson, Minister Resident &c to Nicaragua to exchange with that Government the ratifications of the Treaty concluded between the two countries on the 21st June 1867; dated this day, and signed by me and for so doing this shall be his warrant." The day after President Johnson signed this warrant, on March 13, 1868, his impeachment trial began in the U.S. Senate. ANDREW B. DICKINSON, former New York State Senator (1854-1855), served as U.S. Minister to Nicaragua from 1861-1869. In 1849, U.S. Chargé d'Affaires Ephraim George Squier negotiated the first pact of friendship, commerce and navigation between Nicaragua and the United States, but it was not ratified by the U.S. Senate in the required time period. Senate ratifications also failed in 1854, 1855, 1857 and 1859. Finally, in 1868, the treaty referenced in this document was ratified. From the Senate Executive Journal, January 20, 1868: "The treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation between the United States and the Republic of Nicaragua, signed at the city of Managua the 21 June, 1867, was read the second time and considered as in Committee of the Whole; and no amendment being made, it was reported to the Senate. Mr. [Charles] Sumner submitted the following resolution for consideration: Resolved, That the Senate advise and consent to the ratification of the treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation between the United States and the Republic of Nicaragua, signed at the city of Managua the 20 June, 1867. The Senate, by unanimous consent, proceeded to consider the said resolution; and the question being taken. It was determined unanimously in the affirmative. So the resolution was agreed to." British and United States interests in Nicaragua grew in the mid-19th century because of the country's strategic importance as a transit route across the isthmus. Shaded at horizontal folds, touching the signature. Fold also touches the signature. Slight ink smudging of "Johnson". Overall, fine condition.

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