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     Document 140436

JAMES A. GARFIELD
Less than a year after the Civil War, Garfield and 19 other Congressmen order copies of Kansas Congressman's speech on Black Americans' right to vote.
Partly Printed DS: "J.A. Garfield 100", also signed by 19 other Congressmen, 1p, 8¼x13½. House of Reps, 1866 January 18. On blue paper. Subscription form ordering copies of the "Speech of Hon. Sidney Clark/of the State of Kansas/Negro Suffrage/Delivered in the House of Reps Jan 18 1866". The printed line: "To be printed at the Congressional Globe Office" has been crossed out in blue ink. Length of speech is noted to be "8 pages" and cost is "$10 per thousand copies." Each Congressman wrote the number of copies ordered next to his signature; Garfield ordered 100 copies. Also signed by Congressmen: "Sidney Clarke 5000", "S.M. Cullom 200" (Illinois), "J.K. Moorhead 200" (Pennsylvania), "Chas Upson 100" (Michigan), "Burt Van Horn 200" (New York), "Roswell Hart 100" (New York), "S. Shellabarger 100" (Ohio), "D. Hubbard, Jr. 100" (New York), "T.W. Ferry 100" (Michigan), "A.A. Bradford 100" (Territory of Colorado), "Wm D Kelley 100" (Pennsylvania), "J. Bidwell 300" (California), "J.W. McClurg 200" (Missouri), "Oakes Ames 100" (Massachusetts), "A.A. Barker 100" (Pennsylvania), "J.H. Ketcham 100" (New York), "Thaddeus Stevens 200" (Pennsylvania) and "W.A. Darling 100" (New York) and by Senator "S.C. Pomeroy 500" (Kansas). This document was issued in the storm of Reconstruction, when Congress was at odds with President Andrew Johnson over his policies of restoring the South after the war and integrating it back into the Union. Speeches in Congress on Negro Suffrage, the right of Black Americans to vote, continued until February 26, 1869, when a proposed Constitutional amendment was passed by Congress. In less than a year, it was ratified by the required three-fourths of the state legislatures and on February 8, 1870, the 15th Amendment became part of the Constitution: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Light folds, lightly creased and soiled. Diagonal tear at lower right corner (all paper intact). ¾-inch horizontal tear at left blank horizontal fold. Lightly shaded at folds and edges. Although it's worn, overall it's in fine condition.
 


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